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good blood test on a ferret

Insulinoma in Ferrets: Symptoms and Treatment

By Haley on August 13, 2019

I wish we could have caught Moose’s Insulinoma sooner. I would have learned more about how to prevent Insulinoma in ferrets before it became too late.

You may be familiar with the word ‘Insulinoma’ and yet unfamiliar with the subtle signs of illness and the many ways you can prevent the disease to prolong your ferret’s life. Here’s the First Aid Kit we now recommend after our experience with 3 ferret illnesses at once.

What is Insulinoma in Ferrets?

If a ferret is diagnosed with Insulinoma, it means that they have tumors on their pancreas. These tumors cause an increase (too much for the body) in the secretion of insulin. This leads to very low blood sugar. If a ferret’s blood glucose (blood sugar) levels fall to extremely low levels, the ferret can experience a seizure -with prolonged low blood glucose levels leading to brain damage and death. Insulinoma in ferrets a very scary disease when it is not managed properly!

blood glucose monitor for insulinoma in ferrets
Veterinarians now consider Insulinoma to be present if fasting blood glucose is under 70-90 mg/DL

What are the Symptoms of Insulinoma in Ferrets?

  1. Excessive salivation
  2. Pawing at the mouth (sign of pain)
  3. Weakness of hind limbs
  4. Extreme Tiredness or lethargy
  5. Seizures
  6. Depression
  7. Blood Glucose levels under 80 mg/DL

Is Insulinoma in Ferrets Curable?

Unfortunately, there is no way to cure Insulinoma in Ferrets at this time. Surgery is not 100% effective because it is impossible to remove 100% of the tumors (many are microscopic) and you cannot completely remove a ferret’s pancreas. Medication such as Prednisolone and Diazoxide only help maintain the ferret’s blood glucose levels and do not affect the tumor growths in any way.

Is Insulinoma in Ferrets a Form of Cancer?

It depends. Insulinoma in ferrets can be caused by an insulin-producing adenoma (tumor on a gland) or an insulin producing adenocarcinoma. The first listed in benign, and the second is malignant (cancerous).

How Common is Insulinoma in Ferrets?

Insulinoma is very common in ferrets. Insulinoma is thought to be more common in the United States, and even more common among ferrets that come from large breeding facilities.

ferret insulinoma prednisolone medication

Is Insulinoma Related to Diet in Ferrets?

Because Insulinoma in ferrets is related to blood glucose levels, it can be assumed that a more stable, nutritionally accurate diet will help manage the symptoms of Insulinoma in ferrets better. It is also assumed that a good, balanced diet from the beginning has the potential to prevent Insulinoma.

There is a large suspicion that food high in carbohydrates contributes to a higher chance of your ferret getting Insulinoma. This is because ferrets are obligate carnivores and are meant to only consume animal products -no grains, fruits, vegetables, or other carbohydrates. When a ferret consumes a large amount of carbohydrates, their blood sugar spikes and then drops (think like a rollercoaster).

With a more nutritionally accurate diet (one with at least 40% protein and 20% fat), a ferret’s blood glucose levels can remain more consistent throughout the day and night (think like a long, flat highway with very minor hills).

Our thought is -why risk it?

Most ferrets we personally know have all gotten either Insulinoma or Adrenal Disease. These are both heart breaking, debilitating diseases. Why not give them a better chance at life and feed the healthiest food you can find?

ferret taking insulinoma medication

How Do You Treat Insulinoma in Ferrets?

  1. Make sure your ferret eats every 4-5 hours
  2. Monitor your ferret’s blood glucose levels
  3. Give your ferret medication at the same time every day
ferret playing on couch

How Long Can Ferrets Live with Insulinoma?

6 months to 2 years

As somebody that has a ferret suffering from Insulinoma right now, I hate this question! I hate how short the life expectancy can be once a ferret has Insulinoma. However, I have spent some serious time on ferret forums and quite a few people have had their ferret live for 2 more years after their Insulinoma diagnosis.

How Can I Prolong the Life of My Ferret with Insulinoma?

The key to a prolonged life with Insulinoma is proper diet and a rigid treatment schedule.

After the initial diagnosis for Moose, it was so important for Channing and me to get a treatment routine down.

ferret insulinoma medication schedule
We use a whiteboard to keep track of medication and feedings for Moose.

For reference, this is our treatment routine for Moose:

  • 6:30am Check Moose Blood Glucose (once per week now) and give Moose Carafate
  • 7:00am Spoon feed Moose Wysong Epigen 90 DS that has been ground into a paste
  • 8:30am Give Moose Prednisolone along with a little bit of food
  • 11:00am If we are home from work, spoon feed Moose
  • 4:00pm If we are home from work, spoon feed Moose
  • 5:30pm Give Moose Carafate
  • 7:30pm Spoon feed Moose
  • 9:00pm Give Moose Prednisolone with a little bit of food
  • 10:00pm Spoon feed Moose, Channing makes a new jar of food paste for tomorrow!

***Notice that for 11am and 4pm it says “if we are home, feed Moose”. We have dry food available to the ferrets all day long. However, Moose does not have a big appetite so we tend to assume he is not eating if we do not feed him ourselves.

Keeping a ferret with Insulinoma is no walk in the park!

For those of you that follow Moose, you know he’s worth the trouble -just like every other ferret in the world!

If you are thinking “oh my goodness, how could I ever feed and medicate my ferret around the clock?!” let me just mention the plus side: Caring for Moose has brought me and Channing closer as a couple and it has also deepened my relationship with Moose. Spoon feeding that little stinker every day is something I will remember for the rest of my life. Yes, it is time-consuming but much like the final moments you spend with an ailing loved one, caring for your ferret with Insulinoma will be one of the most meaningful things you do in your life. I promise you can do it and you will be happier for it.

Please reach out if you need advice or encouragement.

man holding ferrets with insulinoma
Here’s Channing with two ferret friends in Sturgeon Bay

How Can I Prevent Insulinoma in My Ferret?

You can prevent Insulinoma by feeding your ferret a proper diet. Remember to look for foods with at least 40% protein and 20% fat content!

You can also prevent Insulinoma by monitoring your ferret’s blood glucose levels regularly throughout their life. Veterinarians recommend you test your ferret’s blood glucose levels every 3-6 months when they are showing no signs of Insulinoma. If your ferret has Insulinoma, it is recommended that you test your ferret’s blood glucose levels once per week while your Prednisolone is getting calibrated, and then testing your ferret’s blood glucose levels once per month thereafter. Channing and I tested Moose’s blood glucose levels multiple times a day for the first few days to learn Moose’s natural body levels. We found it very useful for our vet records!

The only blood glucose monitor our ferret-specific vet recommends is the AlphaTRAK2.

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14 replies to “Insulinoma in Ferrets: Symptoms and Treatment”

  1. J

    Jessica Jordan October 21, 2019 at 2:53 pm

    Hello, I went through insulinoma treatment with my ferret and the best decision I made was to do surgery to remove the tumors which were benign. It was risky but definitely worth it as it definitely prolonged Arya’s life and she is still steroid free (1 year 2 months later). I check her sugar about once a week and still no lows. A major telltale symptom is stargazing which is when your ferret freezes and stares off into space. We used to call her “frozen”; she still does it but not nearly as much as before. We thought it was cute but this was one of the only indicators that things weren’t right. Then before I knew it her back legs were skidding all over the place (hardwood floors) and then I witnessed a seizure. It all happened so fast!

    Was surgery ever presented as an option for Moose? The surgeon I went to is in Gaithersburg, Maryland which was a 45 min drive from where I live. Best $2000 I ever spent! I know that eventually I may have to go back to daily treatment but this did buy more time. Great posts on common conditions in ferrets! Many people don’t think of this when deciding to get a ferret. This information should be a part of the adoption process! People should know the health risks before deciding to become a ferret parent! Please add to your post stargazing/freezing/staring off into space as a symptom to look for. Appreciate all you have done to increase awareness on common health conditions in ferrets!

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    • Haley April 28, 2020 at 6:29 pm

      Hi Jessica,
      Thanks so much for taking the time to tell us about your experience. It really helps all the ferret owners that land on this page! For Moose, surgery does not seem to be an option. When I spoke with my vets, they said that surgery is not very effective because tumors on the pancreas caused by insulinoma are usually very numerous and very tiny. Surgeons have trouble removing 100% of them, so it does not seem to halt the insulinoma. Perhaps Moose is further along in his insulinoma than your girl? Or perhaps my vets are not as familiar with new treatments? I will do some more research.

      I think that’s a great idea to add ‘ferret illness education’ to the pre-adoption process. SO few people are aware of the many healthy, expensive, and sad health problems that ferrets can get.

      I will add ‘star-gazing’ as that is something we definitely observed in Moose and has been cited many times by ferret owners. Thanks again!

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  2. J

    Julie Yates October 26, 2019 at 4:24 am

    My boy weezy just got diagnosed. Im fortunate enough to live in Knoxville, Tn and where The University of Tennessee Veterinarian Hospital is. Dr. DeVall offered 3 types of treatments; Prednisone, Surgery or Chemo pills. Apparently the oncologist (forgot her name) they are friends n went to vet school/college together and Of course I forgot which college it was too, anyways after studies n her own research the oncologist decided to try a pill form of chemo therapy pill form she uses on cats on this ONE ferret (the owner actually lives out of state and drove here to here) so theres nothing to by since its never been tried before. The ferret is doing excellent I believe she said its been a few months later now. Tumor(s) are shrinking, glucose levels returned to normal without ANY meds besides the chemo pill. 1 pill given 3x a week, its a little smaller than a tic tac. No negative side effects have been reported. The ferret owner reported the ferret rather quickly within a month is acting completely normal, like before the ferret was sick. Running playing very active and happy. So we are getting ready to start it on my Weezy. I pray I can keep him alive til then. Seems like he just went down hill so fast like all at once. He just started pred 2 days ago. I wish I had known about the stare. Before I read this post I was saying @he was completely symptom free” and it happened “all at once” now I know thats just not the case. He also was diagnosed with adrenal disease today. He had to go for bloodwork to check cbc, kidneys and his liver to check levels to make sure he was even a candidate for the chemo pill and I went ahead and allowed them to do his implant while he was already there cause AD causes them to feel awful too. If we can even make it 3 or 4 weeks (I pray) maybe I can email you how he is doing and which will allow others to know about this new found ferret treatment thats much less invasive as iv chemo or surgery. Maybe someone And their fur baby would benefit from learning this very brand new discovery. So hopefully my Weezy will be the 2nd baby to try this and have success like the other ferret is.

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    • J

      Julie Yates October 26, 2019 at 4:29 am

      Sorry…obviously didn’t proof read my post. Smh. Had a very very longgg depressing stressful week 🙁

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      • G

        Grace Webb March 20, 2020 at 9:21 pm

        well… what happened with your Weezy

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      • S

        Shane Comer October 14, 2020 at 1:48 pm

        I’m so sorry about your ferret, it breaks my heart that our ferrets get sick. I lost my shadow on March 11 2020 he was almost 9 and he died in my arms. I’m so sorry that you have to lose wheezy.😪

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    • Haley April 28, 2020 at 6:31 pm

      Hi Julie,
      I just wanted to reach out and ask how Weezy is doing. I believe we spoke a little more about this topic but perhaps you could provide an update on here? Thanks

      Log in to Reply
  3. C

    Carol shatt February 16, 2020 at 9:43 am

    I quit using prednisilone as it is a steroid. I mix chicken baby food with nutrical and vitamins. My babies lap it up like it’s candy. The protein is easily digestible and keeps their blood sugar steady. The ferret can be fed once a day or several times a day, whatever is best for that particular ferret. I have treated numerous babies in this way and they usually live 12-18 months at least. I also give the healthy ferrets a little each day. Then they are used to that taste if they are sick and off their kibble.

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  4. J

    Jenae Lovensheimer September 6, 2020 at 5:39 pm

    I agree with you

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  5. J

    Julie Yates October 13, 2020 at 4:51 am

    UPDATE
    October 13 2020:
    Weezy has taken a turn for the worst, he’s having small seizures and ive almost took him and had him put down last week, but its so hard. Its been right at a year now hes been on his chemo pill. It worked really good but his quality of life here lately has went down. Hes falling over and ive noticed him pawing at his mouth. I always knew the chemo pill was just buying him time. If I increase it back where the dose he was originally started on his quality of life is awful. It makes him extremely sick. So he’s almost at the end of the road and it’s extremely hard to take him to be put down. Especially since they wont allow me to go in bc of covid, I cant be with him, holding him so ive put it off. I dont know what day here in the next week or two maybe three but a decision is gonna be made soon. I still have one left and i feel extremely bad for him. Im gonna move his condo in my room and get them used to being in there tomorrow so Freckles wont be alone when Weezy passes. Makes me feel like $hit having to make a decision putting Weezy down. I know im doing the right thing (if he doesn’t die bf i take him) but it still kills me to have to do it. I tell you though he has been the love of my life pet wise and im his. Husband like he loves u more… lol but yes it rips my heart out to know the end is nearing. Anyways Thanks for any and all prayers in this difficult time. I really appreciate this page, Everyone take care and may he meet other playmates when he crosses that 🌈 bridge.
    ——————-
    March 20 2020:
    He’s doing great. Blood work is fine, he was taking 3 pills a week when he first started but it was kinda making him not feel well ( sleeping a lot) so we reduced the pill to 2 a week and his blood work is still fantastic. He’ll take it his whole but he’s playing acting normal now. She gave him an anti nausea medication I mix it with his food an hour before his chemo pill, it’s worked. So I’m very thankful for Dr.Devale at UT vet school she’s awesome. Thanks for asking about him.

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    • Haley October 13, 2020 at 3:43 pm

      Julie, I am so sorry for you and your husband -and especially for our precious Weezy. We will all be with you in spirit when you make the difficult decision to put Weezy down. He was very lucky to have you as a mother. You are in our thoughts <3

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  6. A

    Autumn November 14, 2020 at 6:48 pm

    I’ve had my two boys for about two months now and they have both grown so much since I got them. However, Bandit, the younger of the two, is beginning to worry me. So, naturally looked for more tips and tricks, finding your channel extremely helpful! I do fear that Bandit might have this as he’s lining up with a few of the synonyms, particularly the weak back legs that caught my eye. I have both my boys on the same diet and even started them with a salmon oil treat, yet Bandit seems to eat very little (if at all), salivates excessively, sleeps far more than his hyper older brother, and most notably, his reluctance to use his back legs. Even when the two are playing, it is clear that Bandit wants to catch up to his brother, Trouble, but has a stride similar to limping. I’m worried and I’m not entirely sure where to start aside from a vet appointment.

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  7. S

    Sarah April 26, 2021 at 8:17 pm

    Our little girl Amélie just got diagnosed today and I came across your article while doing some research. This came as a shock to us as she is only 1 year old and has always been lively, crazy funny and a happy ferret! There were no signs until this morning, when I woke up and found her panting and drooling and just not herself. It was a scary, stressful, and heartbreaking moment. Your article was really helpful. We live in London so we have a wonderful exotic vet at the Royal Veterinary College. I just can”t believe she could have this at only 1 year old, it’s so heartbreaking!!! Thanks for the advice, it was really helpful.

    @theferretchannel

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  8. Z

    Zoe Turner March 29, 2022 at 7:31 pm

    Thank you Haley for all of the effort and care you put into educating others about ferrets, loved having your channel to learn from before we got our sweet boy Emmett. He’s 16 months old and I’m quite sure he’s got Waardenburg, or neural crest syndrome? He’s white with light grey speckled on the back of his head and a silver tail. He’s also completely deaf. He’s always been a funny guy, so curious and playful-follows us everywhere. He plays really hard and then “pancakes” lays flat on his belly and sighs and just watches us for a while, starts playing again or goes to find a dark quiet spot to sleep. He does stare off into space-we always used to joke that he was having an epiphany, not thinking it could be a warning sign. We recently adopted a little friend for him because he was always so social and loved play dates with other ferrets. Now I’m worried. The new little one, Eleanor, is 5 months and has quite a lot more stamina than Emmett, since he was a baby he’s always had the same schedule-awake playing for a few hours in the morning and then a couple hours at night-occasionally active in the afternoon. But usually tops 6 hours a day. Eleanor plays much longer and never lays down to rest. It’s also made me realise that his gait is a little goofy-he’s got maybe got some weakness in his back legs-but he can run just as fast when he wants to. Walking around he looks a bit unsteady sometimes when he first wakes up. He sometimes even just doesn’t use his back legs when he first wakes up, he stretches and loves pulling himself through the sheepskin rug or his fleece cage liner. Did you notice any of this kind of behaviour in Moose? I’m not sure if I’m over reacting, if he’s just unique because he’s a Waardy and deaf. Or if it could turn into Insulinoma. We’re careful with feeding-wysong isn’t available in Canada right now because of legal reasons with the ingredients here but we found a high quality cat food that is grain free and recommended on the holistic ferret forum. He’s always turned his nose up when we’ve tried to get him to switch to a raw diet but we could try again. He’s on the skinny side so I worry about the stress of switching.

    Thank you for your help and time,

    Zoe

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